Hearing

Each hearing proceeds differently and at the discretion of the Chair. If you are not represented by legal counsel, the Chair will guide you through the hearing process. Below is general information about what you can usually expect to happen at a hearing.

Opening Remarks:

• The Chair of the Panel will make introductory remarks and will introduce him or herself and the other panel members.
• Discipline Counsel will introduce him or herself and introduce any advisors or observers that they have brought with them.
• You and your representative(s), if any, will introduce yourselves.
• Discipline Counsel or you can raise any preliminary issues, which will be addressed by the panel.  These may include adjournment requests (e.g. to postpone the hearing), exclusion of witnesses (e.g. not include certain witnesses during certain parts of the hearing), evidentiary issues (e.g. not allow or give weight to evidence) or other motions.

Opening Statements:

• Discipline Counsel will usually make an opening statement. You or your representative may also choose to make an opening statement at the outset.

If you are not in attendance:

• The panel will determine whether to proceed in your absence.  Where you have been provided with adequate notice of the hearing, the hearing will usually proceed.

Evidence:

• Discipline Counsel will present evidence on behalf of the Provost, which may be in the form of documentation or oral testimony, which Discipline Counsel will introduce to try to establish the offence. You or your representative may cross-examine any of Discipline Counsel's witnesses.
• The burden of proof is on Discipline Counsel who must show on clear and convincing evidence that the accused has committed the alleged offence. The standard of proof is the "balance of probabilities", which means that Discipline Counsel must prove that it was more likely than not that the accused committed the offence.
• You then have the opportunity to provide documentary or oral evidence. Discipline Counsel may cross-examine any of your witnesses.
• The Panel may ask questions of either side or of the witnesses during the presentation of evidence.
   

Submissions on Finding (Guilty or Not Guilty):

• After all of the evidence has been heard, Discipline Counsel will make submissions to the Panel summarizing the relevant facts and law to support the Provost's request for a finding by the Panel that you have committed the alleged offence(s). You will then respond with your submissions in support of the finding you wish the Panel to make on the issue. Discipline Counsel will then have an opportunity to make Reply Submissions.

Panel Deliberates with Respect to Guilt:

• Following the presentation of evidence and argument, the Panel deliberates in camera (privately, between the panel members only) on whether or not the evidence establishes that you are guilty or not guilty. The Panel may issue its decision verbally to those in attendance at the hearing, with written reasons to follow, or it may reserve its decision and issue it at a later date.

Submissions on Sanction (Penalty):

• If a determination of guilt is made at the hearing, the Panel will then move to consider the appropriate sanction.
• Either Discipline Counsel and/or you or your representative may choose to call evidence with respect to the issue of sanction, although neither is required to do so.
• Discipline Counsel and then you or your representative will make submissions regarding the appropriate sanction.

Panel Deliberates with Respect to Sanction (Penalty):

• The Panel again deliberates in camera in order to determine whether it can immediately determine the appropriate sanction, and if it can, what is that sanction.
• If a sanction is determined at the time of hearing, it will be announced, and it may be incorporated in a signed Order. In such cases, the sanction(s) will be immediately implemented, unless directed otherwise, and even if the Student is not in attendance. The period for appeal is immediately triggered in these situations.
• Please see section "What Sanctions (Penalties) are Available to the Panel?" below.

Reasons for Decision and Sanction:

• The Panel may provide reasons for its decision on the commission of the offence and/or penalty at the time of the hearing, or it may decide to provide written reasons at a later date. Once the deliberation has been completed, it generally indicates that the hearing is over. The Chair will inform everyone when the hearing has concluded.

Discipline hearings are open to the public in accordance with s.9.(1) of the Statutory Powers Procedure Act , R.S.O. 1990, Chap. S.22 as amended. Normally, however, only the individuals who are directly involved in a case will attend the hearing, that is, the three (3) panel members, the accused, with counsel if applicable, Discipline Counsel, with a divisional representative (or representatives), witnesses and the ADFG Secretary or designate. 

The Panel

Panels are composed of three people, the Chair, who is legally qualified, one faculty member, and one student member. Panel members are neutral, and do not know the Student or have any prior knowledge about the Student’s case. The Chair is responsible for running the hearing, answering any questions, and drafting the final decision of the Panel for approval by all of the Panel members.

Discipline Counsel

The University hires Discipline Counsel (lawyers) to prosecute Academic Discipline cases. Discipline Counsel represents the interests of the University.

Division

A representative from the Division to which the Student belongs, who may be a Dean’s Designate or other Divisional Representative. If you are a graduate student, your division is always the School of Graduate Studies (SGS). 

Witnesses

Witnesses may be called by either Discipline Counsel or the Student.  Each case is different. Some cases have multiple witnesses and others have none.

Secretary

The Secretary of the Tribunal is the Director of the ADFG Office or his or her designate. The role of the Secretary is to record the hearing, mark exhibits and answer questions regarding process. He or she does not have a speaking role at the hearing.

Student

The Student can choose to attend the hearing or not, with or without counsel.

However, if the Student chooses not to attend a hearing, the hearing may proceed in the Student's absence (see below). Not attending can also be a relevant consideration in the sanction stage.

Observers

Observers sometimes attend hearings and they may include:

• The Student’s family and/or friend(s);
• A member of the Tribunal who is not a panel member for that particular hearing;
• Articling students, or others invited by Discipline Counsel;
• Other individuals from Downtown Legal Services (DLS);
• A University employee connected to the case.

Hearings can proceed even if you decide not to attend.  If you choose not to attend and the hearing proceeds in your absence, you will be notified about your hearing outcome in writing.

Not attending can also be a relevant consideration at the sanctioning stage. That is, there may be reasons that you think mean that you should not be subject to as serious a sanction as might otherwise be imposed. However, unless you attend the hearing, the panel deciding the sanction will neither know of nor be able to take account of those reasons in determining sanction.

Please see "What Happens at an Academic Discipline Hearing?" for more information on what happens at a hearing.

For a comprehensive list of sanctions available to the University Tribunal/Powers of the University of Toronto, please see Section C.ii.(b) of the Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters. Also, for information on the types of sanctions that the University will be seeking, see Appendix "C" of the Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters for the Provost's Guidelines on Sanctions, Offences and Suggested Penalties for Students.

C.ii.(b) TRIBUNAL SANCTIONS
 

1. One or more of the following sanctions may be imposed by the Tribunal upon the conviction of any student:

(a) REPRIMAND

Oral and/or written reprimand; 

(b) REPRIMAND and RESUBMISSION OF WORK

Oral and/or written reprimand and, with the permission of the instructor, the resubmission of the piece of academic work in respect of which the offence was committed, for evaluation. Such a sanction shall be imposed only for minor offences and where the student has committed no previous offence;

(c) GRADE of “ZERO” for PIECE of ACADEMIC WORK

Assignment of a grade of zero or a failure for the piece of academic work in respect of which the offence was committed;

(d) GRADE REDUCTION

Assignment of a penalty in the form of a reduction of the final grade in the course in respect of which the offence was committed;

(e) DENIAL of PRIVILEGES

Denial of privileges to use any facility of the University, including library and computer facilities [and deactivation of one’s University of Toronto email account];

(f) MONETARY FINE

A monetary fine to cover the costs of replacing damaged property or misused supplies in respect of which the offence was committed; 

(g) GRADE of “ZERO” for ENTIRE COURSE(S)

Assignment of a grade of zero or a failure for any completed or uncompleted course or courses in respect of which any offence was committed;

(h) SUSPENSION

Suspension from attendance in a course or courses, a program, an academic unit or division, or the University for such a period of time up to five years as may be determined by the Tribunal. Where a student has not completed a course or courses in respect of which an offence has not been committed, withdrawal from the course or courses without academic penalty shall be allowed; 

(i) EXPULSION

Recommendation of expulsion from the University. The Tribunal has power only to recommend that such a penalty be imposed. In any such case, the recommendation shall be made by the Tribunal to the President for a recommendation by him or her to the Governing Council. Expulsion shall mean that the student shall be denied any further registration at the University in any program, and his or her academic record and transcript shall record this sanction permanently. Where a student has not completed a course or courses in respect of which an offence has not been committed, withdrawal from the course or courses without academic penalty shall be allowed. If a recommendation for expulsion is not adopted, the Governing Council shall have the power to impose such lesser penalty as it sees fit;

(j) CANCELLATION of DEGREE

• (i) Recommendation to the Governing Council for cancellation, recall or suspension of one or more degrees, diplomas or certificates obtained by any graduate; or
• (ii) Cancellation of academic standing or academic credits obtained by any former student who, while enrolled, committed any offence which if detected before the granting of the degree, diploma, certificate, standing or credits would, in the judgement of the Tribunal, have resulted in a conviction and the application of a sanction sufficiently severe that the degree, diploma, certificate, standing, credits or marks would not have been granted.

2. RECORDED SANCTION

The hearing panel shall have the power to order that any sanction imposed by the Tribunal be recorded on the Student’s academic record and transcript for such length of time as the panel considers appropriate.


3. PUBLICATION of DECISION and SANCTION

The Tribunal may, if it considers it appropriate, report any case to the Provost who may publish a notice of the decision of the Tribunal and the sanction(s) imposed in the University newspapers, with the name of the Student withheld.

Note that Section C.II.(a) 17 (b) of the Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters also allows for the Tribunal to make an order for costs. Section 17(b) reads:

Where it is considered to be warranted by the circumstances, the chair of a hearing may in his or her discretion award costs of any proceedings at trial, and may make orders as to the party or parties to and by whom and the amounts and manner in which such costs are to be paid.

Expulsion and degree recall, suspension or cancellation are the most serious sanctions that can be imposed. However, the Tribunal can only recommend that these sanctions be imposed.  It does not have the authority to impose the sanctions outright. For these sanctions to take effect, the recommendation must be accepted by the President, and then must be approved by the Governing Council.